Osteopontin and oral carcinogenesis

down-regulation of osteopontin and breast tumour progression in vivo is highly interesting [1]. Recent studies indicate a close association between not only breast cancer and osteopontin but other systemic malignancies as well. Studies over the past few years have especially shown a strong relationship between osteopontin expression and oral carcinogenesis. For instance, Devoll et al. in a recent study have reported that nearly 67% of oral squamous cell carcinomas and nearly 54% of all oral carcinomas in situ lesions are immunoreactive for osteopontin [2]. Similarly, a recent study by Matsuzaki et al. suggests that osteopontin may be an important marker of early invasion in lingular squamous cell carcinomas [3]. In fact, tumours of the tongue that overexpress osteopontin are usually more aggressive and carry a worse prognosis [4]. It has also been shown that osteopontin expression is increased in salivary gland tumours especially in polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas and pleomorphic adenomas [5]. More recently, antisense oligonucleotides have been used to inhibit tumerogenesis in oral cancer cell lines further confirming the pathological role of osteopontin in oral carcinogenesis [6]. Besides oral malignancies, osteopontin has also been implicated in the etio-pathogenesis of numerous other systemic malignancies such as non-small cell lung cancers and breast cancers [7]. Clearly, osteopontin has a major role to play in the development and growth of oral malignancies. Research studies should focus on osteopontin as a possible target molecule for the development of strategies and therapies to control oral cancers.